A public sector undertaking (PSU) in India is a state own enterprise in India in which centre or state governments have majority shareholding of 51% or more. The PSUs owned by central Government are called central public sector enterprises (CPSEs) and PSUs owned by state government are called state-level public enterprises(SPSEs). Currently, there are about 246 PSUs in India. The central PSUs have been classified in four categories called Maharatna, Navratna, Miniratna Category-I, and Miniratna Category –II on the basis of the investment ceiling limit of the company. These PSUs falling in these categories have been given finical autonomy to compete in the global market.
A PSU will be classified as Maharatna if it has an average annual net profit of over Rs. 2500 crore for three years OR Average annual Net worth of Rs. 10,000 crore for 3 years, OR OR Average annual Turnover of Rs. 20,000 crore for 3 years. A Maharatna PSU can invest Rs. 1,000 crore - Rs. 5,000 crore, or free to decide on investments up to 15% of their net worth in a project. As of Dec. 2018, there are 8 Maharatna CPSEs listed below,
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S.N. |
Name |
Website |
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1 |
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited(BHEL) |
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2 |
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited(BPCL) |
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3 |
Coal India Limited (CIL) |
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4 |
GAIL (INDIA) Limited |
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5 |
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) |
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6 |
NTPC Limited |
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7 |
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation(ONGC) |
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8 |
Steel Authority of India Limited(SAIL) |
A PSU will be classified as Navratna if it has a score of 60 (out of 100), based on six parameters which include net profit, net worth, total manpower cost, total cost of production, cost of services, PBDIT (Profit Before Depreciation, Interest and Taxes), capital employed, etc., AND A company must first be a Miniratna and have 4 independent directors on its board before it can be made a Navratna. A Navratna PSU can invest up to Rs. 1,000 crore or 15% of their net worth on a single project or 30% of their net worth in the whole year (not exceeding Rs. 1,000 crores). As on Dec. 2018, there are 16 Navratna CPSEs listed below,
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S.N. |
Name |
Website |
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1 |
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) |
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2 |
Container Corporation of India(CONCOR) |
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3 |
Engineers India Limited (EIL) |
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4 |
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) |
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5 |
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) |
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6 |
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) |
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7 |
National Aluminium Company (NALCO) |
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8 |
NBCC(India) Limited |
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9 |
Nation Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC) Limited |
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10 |
NLC India Limited |
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11 |
Oil India Limited (OIL) |
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12 |
Power Finance Corporation[PFC] |
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13 |
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited(PGCIL) |
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14 |
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited |
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15 |
Rural Electrification Corporation[REC] |
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16 |
Shipping Corporation of India (SCI) |
A PSU will be classified as Miniratna Category-I if it has made profits continuously for the last three years or earned a net profit of Rs. 30 crore or more in one of the three years. A Miniratna Category-I PSU can invest up to Rs. 500 crore or equal to their net worth, whichever is lower. As on Dec. 2018, there are 61 Miniratna Category-I CPSEs listed below,
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S.N. |
Name |
Website |
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1 |
Airports Authority of India (AAI) |
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2 |
Antrix Corporation Limited |
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3 |
Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited |
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4 |
Bharat Coking Coal Limited[BCCL] |
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5 |
Bharat Dynamics Limited[BDL] |
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6 |
BEML Limited |
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7 |
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited(BSNL) |
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8 |
Bridge and Roof Company (India) Limited |
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9 |
Central Warehousing Corporation |
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10 |
Central Coalfields Limited |
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11 |
Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited [CPCL] |
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12 |
Cochin Shipyard Limited [CSL] |
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13 |
Dredging Corporation of India Limited [DCIL] |
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14 |
EdCIL (India) Limited |
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15 |
Kamarajar Port Limited |
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16 |
Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited |
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17 |
Goa Shipyard Limited |
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18 |
Hindustan Copper Limited |
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19 |
HLL Lifecare Limited |
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20 |
Hindustan Newsprint Limited |
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21 |
Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited |
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22 |
Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO) |
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23 |
HSCC (India) Limited |
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24 |
India Tourism Development Corporation[ITDC] Limited |
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25 |
India Trade Promotion Organisation[ITPO] |
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26 |
Indian Rare Earths [IREL] Limited |
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27 |
Indian Railway Finance Corporation Limited |
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28 |
Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation[IRCTC] Limited |
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29 |
Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited |
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30 |
IRCON International Limited |
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31 |
KIOCL Limited |
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32 |
Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited |
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33 |
Mahanadi Coalfields Limited [MCL] |
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34 |
MOIL Limited |
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35 |
Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited[MRPL] |
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36 |
Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited (MECL) |
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37 |
Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI) |
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38 |
MMTC Limited |
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39 |
MSTC Limited |
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40 |
National Fertilizers Limited [NFL] |
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41 |
National Projects Construction Corporation Limited |
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42 |
National Small Industries Corporation Limited |
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43 |
National Seeds Corporation |
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44 |
NHPC Limited |
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45 |
Northern Coalfields Limited [NCL] |
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46 |
North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited[NEEPCO] |
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47 |
Numaligarh Refinery Limited NRL] |
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48 |
ONGC Videsh Limited |
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49 |
Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited |
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50 |
Projects and Development India Limited[PDIL] |
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51 |
RailTel Corporation of India Limited |
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52 |
Rail Vikas Nigam Limited |
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53 |
Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited [RCFL] |
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54 |
RITES Limited |
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55 |
SJVN Limited |
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56 |
Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited |
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57 |
South Eastern Coalfields Limited [SECL] |
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58 |
Telecommunications Consultants India[TCIL] |
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59 |
THDC India Limited |
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60 |
Western Coalfields[WCL] |
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61 |
Water and Power Consultancy Services (India) Limited [WAPCOS] |
A PSU will be classified Miniratna Category-II if it has made profits continuously for the last three years and should have a positive net worth. A Miniratna Category-II PSU can invest up to Rs. 300 crore or up to 50% of their net worth, whichever is lower. As on Dec. 2018, there are 13 Miniratna Category-II CPSEs listed below,
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S.N. |
Name |
Website |
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1 |
Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India |
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2 |
Bharat Pumps & Compressors[BPC] Limited |
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3 |
Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited |
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4 |
Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited |
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5 |
Central Railside Warehouse Company Limited |
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6 |
Engineering Projects (India) Limited |
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7 |
FCI Aravali Gypsum and Minerals (India) Limited |
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8 |
Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited |
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9 |
HMT (International) Limited |
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10 |
Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited |
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11 |
MECON Limited |
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12 |
National Film Development Corporation Limited |
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13 |
Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited |